08a - GPON Customer Premises Equipment

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The customer premises equipment (CPE) for a GPON connection can use one o these formats:

All-in-one (ONT + router + ATA)

This device includes:

• A WAN interface comprising the ONT (converts GPON/FTTH to ethernet). Its IP can be dynamic or static (paid on top of the contract).
• A LAN interface comprising:
  • 4-port gigabit ethernet switch
  • 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi interface (b, g, n)
  • 5 GHz Wi-Fi interface (n, ac)

  All these LAN interfaces are bridged together, and share the same IP, generally 192.168.0.1

• Two ATA (Analog Terminal Adapter). They convert the VoIP service to POTS using RJ-11, for using with your old school analog phones. Internally, they behave as SIP clients.
• USB port for NAS service using SMB protocol.

Split (ONT + router + ATA)

ONT

The Optical Network Terminal just takes care of the authentication in the OLT, and the conversion to ethernet. Both interfaces (GPON, eth) are bridged and have a private IP for management.

The public IP is transferred to the the router.

The GPON authentication uses the ONU management and control interface (OMCI) specification:

• LOID
• Serial number (4 ASCII digits for brand, 8 for serial).
• IdONT / LOID / PLOAM (GPON password) (10 ASCII chars, or 20 HEX digits)
• MAC address (in some cases)

When the authentication is correct, the ONT changes to operation state “5”.

The connection needs a received optical power between -16 dBm and -25 dBm. The connection becomes intermitent below -25 dBm. This means that the distance from the CTO to your appartment (PAU) can be up to 500 meters.

More info: GPON FTTH networks (in)security

Router + ATA

These too, can be altogether or separate items.

In the picture, the ONT is connected to the red WAN port. This router contains ATA, but you could use a router + ata separately:

The ATA goes connected to a LAN port in the router.

Resumen

CPE GPON / FTTH (“Gigabit Pasive Optical Network” / “Fibre to the Home”). Contiene:

• ONT (Optical Network Terminal). Convierte GPON a ethernet.
• Router: Interconecta redes:
  • WAN (operadora o ISP)
  • LAN (tu casa)
• Switch: Conecta equipos de la misma red LAN.
• AP (Access Point). Convierte ethernet a Wi-Fi.
• ATA (Analog Telephone Adapter). Convierte VoIP a telefonía analógica RJ-11.

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